The land of Israel, also known as Canaan, was inhabited by various Semitic peoples. The Israelites, led by Abraham, settled in the land around 2000 BCE. The Kingdom of Israel was established under King Saul (1020 BCE) and reached its peak under King David and King Solomon.
After the Babylonian exile, Jews returned to their homeland and rebuilt the Temple in Jerusalem. This period saw the rise of Hellenistic influence, the Maccabean revolt, and Roman rule.
Following the destruction of the Second Temple by the Romans in 70 CE, most Jews were dispersed throughout the world. However, a continuous Jewish presence remained in the land of Israel throughout this period.
The modern Zionist movement, advocating for a Jewish homeland, gained momentum in the late 19th century. Waves of Jewish immigration to Palestine began, leading to the establishment of new settlements and cities.
Israel declared independence on May 14, 1948. The new state faced immediate war with neighboring Arab countries but prevailed. Since then, Israel has developed into a modern, democratic nation with a strong economy and technological sector, while also facing ongoing regional conflicts and peace efforts.